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Peru Travel Guide |
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Peru Travel Guide and Tours |
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Peru (Spanish: Perú, Quechua: Piruw, Aymara: Piruw),
officially the Republic of Peru (Spanish: República del Perú, is a
country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador
and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the
south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean.
Peruvian territory was home to the Norte Chico civilization, one of the
oldest in the world, and to the Inca Empire, the largest state in
Pre-Columbian America. The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the
16th century and established a Viceroyalty, which included most of its
South American colonies. After achieving independence in 1821, Peru has
undergone periods of political unrest and fiscal crisis as well as
periods of stability and economic upswing.
Peru is a representative democratic republic divided into 25 regions.
Its geography varies from the arid plains of the Pacific coast to the
peaks of the Andes mountains and the tropical forests of the Amazon
Basin. It is a country with a high Human Development Index score and a
poverty level around 36%. Its main economic activities include
agriculture, fishing, mining, and manufacturing of products such as
textiles.
The Peruvian population, estimated at 29 million, is multiethnic,
including Amerindians, Europeans, Africans and Asians. The main spoken
language is Spanish, although a significant number of Peruvians speak
Quechua or other native languages. This mixture of cultural traditions
has resulted in a wide diversity of expressions in fields such as art,
cuisine, literature, and music. |
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